At this time for opening remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the call over to Tejas Gala, Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance. Please go ahead.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thank you. Good afternoon and thank you for joining us. Speaking first today is Apple's CEO, Tim Cook and he'll be followed by CFO, Luca Maestri. After that, we'll open the call to questions from analysts.

Please note that some of the information you'll hear during our discussion today will consist of forward-looking statements, including without limitation those regarding revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, other income and expense, taxes, capital allocation, and future business outlook, including the potential impact of COVID-19 on the company's business and results of operations. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or trends to differ materially from our forecast. For more information, please refer to the risk factors discussed in Apple's most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Form 8-K filed with the SEC today along with the associated press release. Apple assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or information, which speak as of their respective dates.

I'd like to now turn the call over to Tim for introductory remarks.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Tejas, and good afternoon. Today we are proud to announce Apple's biggest quarter ever. Through the busy holiday season we set an all-time revenue record of nearly a $124 billion, up 11% from last year and better than we had expected at the beginning of the quarter.

And we are pleased to see that our active installed base of devices is now at a new record with more than 1.8 billion devices. We set all-time records for both developed and emerging markets and saw revenue growth across all of our product categories except for iPad, which we said would be supply constrained. As expected in the aggregate, we experienced supply constraints that were higher than the September quarter.

Before I discuss our results in greater detail, I want to first acknowledge the toll that COVID continues to have on communities around the world. In many places, case counts are higher and health systems more strained than at any point throughout the pandemic. On behalf of all of us at Apple, I want to extend our deep gratitude to the scientists, doctors, nurses and so many others on the front lines that combating COVID-19.

This is our eighth quarter reporting results in the shadow of the pandemic and while I can't say it gets any easier, I can say I'm incredibly proud of the way our teams have come together and continue to innovate on behalf of our customers. A few weeks ago, we marked the 15th anniversary of the day Steve revealed iPhone to the world, we knew that we had the beginnings of something fundamentally transformative though none of us could have predicted the incredible and meaningful impact it would have on all of our lords.

The creative spirit that made the first iPhone possible has thrived it Apple every day set. We never stopped creating, we never stopped innovating, you can see that spirit reflected throughout our products from the incredible performance and capability of our M1 chips to our powerful yet, easy to use, operating systems to our unrivaled iPhone camera systems to the beauty and magic of AirPods. That's why each of our major products leads the industry in customer satisfaction for their respective category. People expect Apple to solve hard problems with easy to use products and iPhone has never been more popular.

During the December quarter we set an all-time revenue record for iPhone, thanks to the strength of our incredible iPhone 13 lineup. This is the best iPhone lineup we've ever had and the reaction from the press and our users have been off the charts. This past quarter we also set another all-time revenue record for Mac with customers eager to get their hands on an M1 powered MacBook Air, iMac or MacBook Pro.

We've been thrilled with the response from pro users to the M1 pro and M1 Max chips and to see how Apple Silicon is blowing them away with its power, performance and efficiency. Despite, the constraints I mentioned earlier, our iPad lineup continues to be indispensable to 10s of millions of people from teachers and students to artists and creators. Customers are eager to get their hands on our ninth generation iPad, which features a beautiful display and double the storage capacity, as well as the new iPad Mini with its ultra portable design.

Wearables Home and Accessories meanwhile set an all-time revenue record. Customers are loving the Apple Watch Series 7 with its cutting edge health and fitness tracking features nearly every day I get notes from customers, who share how a heart alert led to a lifesaving appointment with the cardiologists. And more recently, I've been hearing from people who tell me that their Apple Watch save their lives by calling 911 when they couldn't. As I've said, we're still in the early innings with our health work, but every day I am encouraged by our positive impact.

We are also making great advancements in audio and are seeing strong demand from customers as a result. The HomePod mini continues to earn price for combining the intelligence of Siri within immersive, room filling audio experience and our customers have responded with a lot of excitement to the magic of spatial audio on AirPods, which packs the acoustics of a concert hall. As always the deep integration of hardware, software and services is a hallmark of everything, Apple makes, it's a principle you can see it work in the introduction of share play a feature that offers a whole new way to create shared experiences by letting users watch and listen to their favorite content together on FaceTime.

And we continue to invest in innovation across our services business, which set another all-time revenue record last quarter and performed even better than we had anticipated. The App Store continues to be an economic miracle for developers around the world and a safe and trusted place for consumers to discover their favorite apps. Since its launch, we have paid developers selling digital goods and services more than $260 billion with 2021 setting a new record for their earnings.

I'm also happy to report that in its first two years Apple TV plus shows and movies have earned 200 award wins and more than 890 nominations. Among the powerful lineup our feature films like The Tragedy of Macbeth, get Coda in Swan song along with many gripping new series coming up, including Severance and the Afterparty. Each one is a tremendous credit all the storytellers in front of the cameras and behind them, who touched audiences all over the world.

Fitness plus meanwhile continues to inspire customers to reach their health and fitness goals. We recently introduced time to run an extension of our popular series Time to Walk, as well as new collections of workouts and meditations to help users make more intentional training choices. Despite the pandemic, our retail businesses saw its highest revenue in Apple's history and we also earned our highest ever customer satisfaction scores. That is a testament to the incredible adaptability our teams have shown as we've re-imagined [Technical Issues] experience.

I also want to take a moment to think our retail employees and Apple Care teams for the deep care you've given to our customers as they look to get the most out of our products, learn new skills are tracked down the perfect gift we have always led with our values and with compassion and care and never has that been more needed than during the pandemic.

Last quarter we celebrated 10-years of our employee giving program, which we started to help our employees identify and support the causes they care most deeply about. We pledged to match their contributions to organizations doing important work at every level from their local food pantry to global humanitarian non-profits. In the last decade, this program has contributed nearly $725 million to charitable organizations.

We also celebrated 15-years of partnership with the Global Fund on Project Red supporting their lifesaving work to expand healthcare services in sub-Saharan Africa for people living with HIV-AIDS. With the support of our customers, we've now raised nearly $270 million to fund prevention, testing and counseling services for people impacted by HIV-AIDS. And in keeping with our abiding belief in and commitment to education we also launched a new partnership with the Boys and Girls Club of America. This initiative will help young people across the US learn to code on iPad using our Everyone Can Code curriculum.

And we are continuing to drive innovations to help combat climate change. We are already carbon-neutral across our own operations and we are working intensely to meet our 2030 goal of carbon neutrality across our supply chain and the lifecycle of our products. To celebrate Black History Month, we will be releasing a special addition Apple Watch Black Unity Braided Solo Loop and a matching unity lights watch face. And through our Racial Equity and Justice Initiative, we are continuing to support organizations blazing trails to a more equitable world in our economies, our classrooms, in our criminal justice system.

We recognize as ever that it takes all of us to confront our most profound challenges. And at Apple we are determined to do our part that includes our own work and inclusion and diversity, which we are advancing every day. Let me close by saying that despite the uncertainty of the world, there is one thing of which I am certain, Apple will continue to [Technical Issues] it every day and in every way to deliver on the promise of technology at its best.

I will now turn it over to Luca to go over our quarterly results in more detail.

Luca Maestri - Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Tim, and good afternoon everyone. We are very pleased to report record financial results for the December quarter. We set an all-time revenue record of $123.9 billion, an 11% increase from a year ago. We reached new all-time records in the Americas, Europe, Greater China and the rest of Asia Pacific. And it was also an all-time record quarter for both products and services.

On the product side, revenue was $104.4 billion, up 9% over a year ago, despite significant supply constraints. We grew in each of our product categories except iPad, where supply constraints were particularly pronounced and set all-time records for iPhone, Mac and Wearables, Home and Accessories.

The strong level of sales performance, the unmatched loyalty of our customers and the strength of our ecosystem have driven our current installed base of active devices to a new all-time record of 1.8 billion devices. The growth in the installed base was broad based as we set all-time records in each major product category and in each geographic segment. Our services set an all-time revenue record of $19.5 billion, up 24% over a year ago with December quarter records in every geographic segment.

Company gross margin was 43.8%, up 160 basis points from last quarter, due to volume leverage and favorable mix, partially offset by higher cost structures. Products gross margin was 38.4%, up 410 basis points sequentially, driven by leverage and mix. Services gross margin was 72.4%, up 190 basis points sequentially, mainly due to a different mix.

Net income of $34.6 billion and diluted earnings per share of $2.10 both grew more than 20% year-over-year and were all time records, operating cash flow of $47 billion was also an all-time record.

Let me get into more detail for each of our revenue categories. iPhone revenue grew 9% year-over-year to an all-time record of $71.6 billion, despite supply constraints. Thanks for remarkable customer response to our new iPhone 13 family. We set all-time records in both developed and emerging markets reached new all-time high in the iPhone Active installed base and the latest survey of US consumers from 451 Research indicates iPhone customer satisfaction of 98%.

For Mac revenue of $10.9 billion was an all-time record with growth of 25% year-over-year, driven by strong demand for our newly redesigned MacBook Pro powered by M1, despite supply constraints. We are one year into our transition to Apple silicon and already the vast majority of our Mac sales are from M1 powered devices, which helped drive a record number of upgraders during the December quarter. Our momentum in this category is very impressive. As the last six quarters have been the best six quarters ever for Mac.

IPad generated $7.2 billion in revenue, down 14% year-over-year, due to very significant supply constraints, but customer demand was very strong across all models. Despite, the supply shortages our installed base of iPads reached a new all-time high during the quarter, thanks to a high number of customers that they are new to iPad in fact around half of the customers purchasing an iPad during the quarter were new to the product.

Wearables Home and Accessories set a new all-time record of $14.7 billion, up 13% year-over-year and we set all-time revenue records in each geographic segment. We also continue to improve and expand our product offerings in this category to create unique experiences showcasing our deep integration of hardware, software and services. In addition to an outstanding level of sales performance globally Apple Watch continues to extend its reach with over two-thirds of customers purchasing an Apple Watch during the quarter being new to the product.

Turning to services. As I mentioned, we reached an all-time revenue record of $19.5 billion, up 24% with all-time records for cloud services, for music, video, advertising and payment services and a December quarter record for the App Store. These impressive results reflect the positive momentum we are seeing on many fronts. First, as I mentioned before, our installed base has continued to grow and has reached an all time high across each geographic segment and major product category.

Next, we continue to see increased customer engagement with our services. The number of paid accounts on our digital content stores grew double-digits and reached a new all-time high during December quarter in every geographic segment. Also paid subscriptions continue to show very strong growth. We now have more than 785 million paid subscriptions across the services on our platform, which is up [Technical Issues] $165 million during the last 12-months alone.

And finally, we're adding new services that we think our customers will love and we continue to improve the breadth and quality of our current service offerings. Just in this last quarter, we have added incredible new content on Apple TV Plus, on Fitness Plus and Apple Arcade in a brand new way to listen to music with Apple Music voice. We also announced in November, the beta program for Apple business essentials, a new service offering that brings together device management 24/7 support and iCloud storage to help small businesses, manage the end-to-end lifecycle of their employees Apple devices. We are very excited the many 1,000s of small business customers are already actively participating in the beta program.

This announcement is just one of many ways we are expanding our support for enterprise and business customers. With the latest MacBook Pro's that we've introduced last October, the new M1 Powered Mac lineup has quickly become the preferred choice of Macs among enterprise customers. Shopify for example is upgrading its entire global workforce to M1 Powered MacBook Pro and MacBook Air. By standardizing on M1 Max Shopify continue it's commitment to providing the best tools to help its employees work productively and securely from anywhere. And the Lloyd Consulting consulting is expanding the deployment of the Mac Employee Choice Program, including offering the new M1 MacBook Pro to empower their professionals to choose devices that work best for them in delivering consulting services.

Let me now turn to our cash position, due to our strong operating performance and holiday quarter seasonality, we ended the quarter with $203 billion in cash plus marketable securities, we decreased commercial paper of $1 billion, leaving us with total debt of $123 billion. As a result, net cash was $80 billion at the end of the quarter. Our business continues to generate very strong cash flow and we were able to return nearly $27 billion to shareholders during the December quarter. This included $3.7 billion in dividends and equivalents and $14.4 billion through open market repurchases from 93 million Apple shares.

Our business continues to generate very strong cash flow and we are also able to return nearly $27 billion to shareholders during the December quarter. This included $3.7 billion in dividends and equivalents and $14.4 billion through open market repurchases of 93 million Apple shares. We also began $6 billion accelerated share repurchase program in November, resulting in the initial delivery and retirement of 30 million shares.

As we move ahead into the March quarter, I'd like to review our outlook, which includes the types of forward-looking information that Tejas referred to, at the beginning of the call. Given the continued uncertainty around the world in the near-term, we are not providing revenue guidance, but we are sharing some directional insights based on the assumption that the COVID-related impacts to our business do not worsen from what we are projecting today for the current quarter.

We expect to achieve solid year-over-year revenue growth and set a March quarter revenue record, despite significant supply constraints, which we estimate to be less than what we experienced during the December quarter. We expect our revenue growth rate to decelerate from the December quarter, primarily due to two factors: first, during the March quarter a year ago we grew revenue by 54%. Remember that last year we launched our new iPhones during the December quarter, while this year we launched them during the September quarter. Due to the later launch a year ago some of the associated channel inventory feel occurred during the March quarter last year. As a result of the different launch timing, we will face a more challenging year-over-year compare.

Second, we expect foreign exchange to be a 3 point headwind when compared to the December quarter growth rate. We currently expect FX to have a negative impact on growth of 2 points in the March quarter, while we represented a 1 point benefit during the December quarter. Specifically related to services, we expect to grow strong double-digits, but decelerate from the December quarter performance. This is due to a more challenging compare because a higher level of lockdowns around the world last year led to increased usage of digital content and services.

We expect gross margin to be between 42.5% and 43.5%. We expect opex to be between $12.5 billion and $12.7 billion. We expect OI&E to be around negative $150 million, excluding any potential impact from the mark-to-market of minority investments and our tax rate to be around 16%.

Finally, today, our Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share of common stock, payable on February 10th, 2022 to shareholders of record as of February 7th 2022.

And with that let's open the call to questions.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thank you, Luca. We ask that you limit yourself to two questions. Operator, may we have the first question please.

Question & Answers

Operator

Absolutely. We will take our first question from Katy Huberty with Morgan Stanley. Caller, please check your mute function we're unable to hear you. Hearing no response, we'll take our next question from Wamsi Mohan with Bank of America.

Wamsi Mohan - Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Analyst

Yes. Thank you, your margins of clearly been very impressive, so I have one question each on product and one on services gross margins. On product gross margins that's clearly benefiting from a very strong mix. So, Tim, I'm curious how sustainable do you think these mixed trends are from the data that you see? And can you share any thoughts across how the Pro and Pro Max mix, compared to prior cycles?

And on the services side, if I could just ask about too, when you look at the gross margins there, that's been really impressive. Can you give us some sense of where within services you're seeing particularly favorable mix trends and how should investors think about the trajectory of these margins, given some of the sizable investments you're making to drive very successful areas like content for TV Plus as an example? Thank you.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Wamsi, it's Tim. In terms of the mix, we don't comment directly on mix, but what I would tell you is that we saw strong demand across the iPhone 13 family. And in fact we had several of the top selling models in various markets, including the top five in the US and Australia. The top four in urban China, two of the top three in the UK, three of the top four in France and Germany and four of the top six in Japan. And certainly based on some external data that I've seen it does seem to say that we are gaining share as well. So we feel quite good about the momentum of iPhone. And I should add that we were constrained during the quarter.

Luca Maestri - Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Wamsi on the services side, you are asking about gross margin there. As you know our services business in aggregate is accretive to overall company margin. And as you know our services portfolio is very broad and it contains businesses with very different margin profiles, the difference in margin profile is due in part to the nature of those businesses and in part to the way that we account for them. In some cases we account on a net basis as opposed to a gross basis. And so as a result, the services gross margin percentage over time will be influenced by the relative growth of the different businesses within the portfolio. We do not guide at the product and services level, but I think you've seen the guidance that we provided for the March quarter and to the company level 42.5% to 43.5%, obviously very strong compared to our recent history and so we're very pleased with that.

Wamsi Mohan - Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Analyst

Thanks, Tim. Thanks, Luca.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thank you, Wamsi, can we have the next question please.

Operator

We'll take our next question from Kyle McNealy with Jefferies.

Kyle McNealy - Jefferies - Analyst

Hi, thanks very much. Congrats on the solid iPhone result, that's very, very good. I assume that you may have prioritized iPhone to the extent there may be similar components that are used for iPhone and iPad. Can you just level set me on that, if that's not the case? And if it is, should we see a recovery in iPad as you move past your prime iPhone selling season and you may have better access to components or better supply as we move through the next few months of the year?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Kyle, it's Tim. From a supply constraint point of view as you recall, we said in Q1 the December quarter that we would have constraints more than six and we clearly did have constraints more than six. Or March we're saying that where we will have - we will do better or have less constraints than we had in the December quarter. If you look at the commonality between different products, there is some, but generally the challenge is on legacy nodes and these legacy nodes are by supplier. And so it's much more focused on the supplier than anything else and versus us behind the carton finding a place to take it. There is not - none of that, but there is some of that, but largely, we have to take it where there is shortages are.

Kyle McNealy - Jefferies - Analyst

Okay, great. Can you give us any other color on kind of the trajectory of iPad and what's impacting this quarter and where it might go in the March and the June quarter?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes, the issue with iPad, it was a very significant constraint in the December quarter was very much on these legacy nodes that I had talked about, virtually all of the problem was in that area. And so overall we're not guiding by product and constrained by product level but at the - but overall, we do see an improvement in the March quarter in terms of the constraints going down versus what they were in the December quarter.

Kyle McNealy - Jefferies - Analyst

Okay, great, thanks so much. Congrats again on the results all around.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Well, thanks very much.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thank you, Kyle. Can we have the next question, please.

Operator

Thank you. We take our next question from Shannon Cross with Cross Research.

Shannon Cross - Cross Research - Analyst

Thank you very much. Tim could you talk a bit about the Mac business. Looking back, it's up about 50% from the calendar 2019 revenue. You did almost $11 billion this quarter and you're still working through the M1 transition. So can you just - part of that, where you see the opportunity to gain share what are really sort of the target markets you think you can go after in order to grow that beyond, I think it was about $37 billion in the last 12-months. Thank you, and then I have a follow-up?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Shannon, thank you for the question. Mac set an all time revenue record at $10.9 billion for the quarter. That was up 25%. And as you point out, the last six quarters for the Mac have been the top six revenue quarters of all time. And what's further very good about this is we set all time revenue records in America, in Europe and the rest of Asia Pacific, and we set a December quarter record in greater China. And so it's not narrowed to a particular geographic area that we're doing well in. It's almost across the board.

The response is very much because of M1. And we got even more response with the MacBook Pro that we launched in the - during the Q1 time frame. The - both the upgraders, which we had a record number of upgrades for the December quarter, but also in markets like China, six out of 10 sales - are to people new to the Mac and so it's powered by both upgraders and switchers. Customer satisfaction is off the charts. And so what I see this as is a product that will be very successful in a number of different markets, from education to business to the creative industry and in all geographic markets. So we're not limiting ourselves.

Shannon Cross - Cross Research - Analyst

Great. Thank you. And then, Luca, can you talk a bit more on services, just obviously outperformed your guidance or your expectations, as well as certainly where we were at, what were the things that really outperformed and maybe what trends are you seeing that is driving the extra revenue? Thank you.

Luca Maestri - Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes, Shannon, it was really great on our front. We set December quarter records in every geographic segment. And then, as I mentioned earlier, an all time record for cloud, for music, for video, for advertising, for payment services, December quarter record in the App Store. So we've done, as you said, better than we were expecting at the beginning of the quarter. This over performance has been spread around the world and spread around our services categories. And the reality is this combination of factors, the fact that install base is growing, the fact that we continue to have more and more engagement of our customers on all the services. Paid subscriptions is a phenomenal story, right. We now have 785,000 million paid subs, we've increased 165 million in the last twelve months alone, right? And so all these things combined are really powering the business. Very pleased with the performance.

Shannon Cross - Cross Research - Analyst

Okay. Thank you.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next questions, please.

Operator

We'll hear next from Katy Huberty with Morgan Stanely.

Katy Huberty - Morgan Stanely - Analyst

Thank you. Can you hear me, okay?

Luca Maestri - Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Now we can.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes.

Katy Huberty - Morgan Stanely - Analyst

Okay, good. So first question, just as it relates to some of the disruption you've seen on the component side, manufacturing and logistics over the past couple of years, are you starting to rethink your broader supply chain strategy or the manufacturing footprint on the back of the significant disruption? Are you happy with the overall geographic exposure that you see in the supply chain today?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Katie, if you sort of step back and look at how we've done, our largest issue by far has been the chip shortage that is industry wide and on these legacy notes, as I had mentioned earlier and I think our supply chain actually does very good considering the shortages because it's a fast moving supply chain. The cycle times are very short. There's very little distance between a chip being fabricated and packaged and a product being going out of factory. No, I don't see that it makes a fundamental change in the supply chain.

Katy Huberty - Morgan Stanely - Analyst

Okay. Thank you. And how are you thinking about the Metaverse opportunity and Apple's role in that market?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Well, that's a big question, but we're a company in the businesses innovation, so we're always exploring new and emerging technologies and I've spoken at length about how it's very interesting to us right now. We have over 14,000 AR Kit apps in the App Store which provide incredible AR experiences for millions of people today. So we see a lot of potential in this space and are investing accordingly.

Katy Huberty - Morgan Stanely - Analyst

Thank you. Congrats on the quarter.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Thanks so much.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next questions, please.

Operator

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Amit Daryanani with Evercore.

Amit Daryanani - Evercore - Analyst

Thanks for my question. I have two as well. I guess most of the supply chain side, I think things continue to be fairly volatile. I'd love to get your perspective if you feel if things or supply chain issues are starting to alleviate or they still remain challenging. And then maybe I missed this, but could you perhaps tell us how much revenue was left on the table in December, because the supply chain issues and how does that number shake up in March?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes, Amit, what we've said in terms of December and March was that it was very difficult to estimate with great precision constraints. But we said that they would be more than the Q4 or more than the September quarter. And we're saying that March will be less than the December quarter. And so that's the kind of verbiage that we place around it in terms of is it still challenging? Yes, it is challenging. And for us, we pride ourselves on getting products to customers, who really want them and try to do that in a fast basis. And so it's frustrating that we can't always do that at the speed that we would like. However, March is better than December, and so there's some encouraging sign there. We're not predicting overall, obviously, because of the number of variables that go into such a prediction.

Amit Daryanani - Evercore - Analyst

Fair enough. I think, you know, Tim, I think, one of the topics investors can struggle a fair bit with Apple is really just trying to understand visibility around your product roadmap. And I think some of your tech peers tend to be more vocal about the initiative. Some of them go change their name when they find the initiative that's attractive. I feel you folks are spending, I think, $23 billion on R&D in '21. So you're only spending a fair amount. And maybe without telling us the roadmap, could you talk about how do you think about where to focus your R&D resources on and to some extent, is the way to think about this R&D spend, how much of it is really done on things that are more evolutionary on products that are out in the marketplace versus things that we haven't seen yet on potential new offerings?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

You know, we have a little different model. We try to announce things when they're ready or close to ready and try to maintain an element of surprise in there that explains hopefully what we do with our roadmap. And I think that's proven successful for us. And other people can do it differently, of course, but it's proven good for us over time to do that. So we're going to continue to do that.

In terms of deciding where we invest in, we look at areas that are sort of at the intersection of hardware, software and services, and because we think that that's where the magic really happens and it brings out the best in Apple and so there are areas that have more than picked our interest and we are investing in those and you can tell through time that we've ramped our R&D spend even more than we were before and so there's quite a bit of investment going into things that are not on the market at this point as there always are. Thanks for the question.

Amit Daryanani - Evercore - Analyst

Thank you.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next question, please.

Operator

Thank you. We'll hear next from David Voit with UBS.

David Voit - UBS - Analyst

Great. Thanks for taking my call. And my question. I just wanted to dive in and get your perspective on China and sort of the macro climate there and how that sort of pertains to your business as we think about it going forward? And the reason why I'm asking is we've heard some concerns that current policies might have caused a pause in this market and smartphone inventory. Maybe more specifically, the local vendors could be a little bit elevated going into Chinese New Year. We just love to get your thoughts on what you're seeing in this market around this, sort of, potential development and then maybe touch on sell-in versus sell through in that market and then I have a follow-up.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Well, I can only comment on for us our sales grew 21% there in the last quarter and we're very proud of that. I'll stay away and let other people be the economist and make the macro determinations. But what we're seeing there was super impressive with all time revenue records and a record number of upgraders and strong double digit growth in switchers on iPhone, which is very important to us. And as I've mentioned before, we had the top four selling phones in urban China. And so there's a lot of good there and I would remind you that iPhone was constrained in the quarter. And so I'm not sure where the statements are coming around about inventory. And I can't comment on whether other people have more or not. I don't know the answer to that. Thanks for the question.

David Voit - UBS - Analyst

That's helpful, Tim. And then maybe just on the supply chain. Obviously, you've been managing it incredibly well the last 12 to 18 months. And gross margins have actually performed relatively well, mixed driven both between products and services. Can you help us think about sort of the quantifiable impact or maybe the cost that you're carrying due to the supply chain? That may be sort of I don't want to use the word transitory, but we'd expect over the longer term that might be sort of bait a little bit and you'll get a little bit of a benefit as we get past some of these supply chain issues over the next twelve months or so?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

We're seeing inflation and it's factored into our gross margin and opex that Luca reviewed with you earlier. Logistics, as I've mentioned on a previous call, is very elevated in terms of the cost of moving things around. I would hope that at least a portion of that is transitory. But the world has changed, and so we'll see.

David Voit - UBS - Analyst

Thank you.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next questions, please.

Operator

Thank you. We'll take the next question from Samik Chatterjee with JP Morgan.

Samik Chatterjee - JP Morgan - Analyst

Great. Thanks for taking my question. I had a couple the first question that I had was really on Apple TV+. And I know some of the other players in this market have talked about slowing subscriber growth as we exit the pandemic. So curious if you can share what trends you're seeing in Apple TV and Apple TV+ and how similar or dissimilar they are and how your content is maybe helping you on that aspect and have a follow-up.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

We don't give out subscriber numbers for Apple TV+. What we do is give out a subscriber number for our subscription number for the total number of subscriptions that we had. And I think Luca mentioned earlier, we ended the quarter at $785 million, and so we were incredibly pleased with that. That's a huge growth on a year-over-year basis of 165. And it counts, as you recall, both Apple branded and third party. In terms of how we're doing with TV+, we've been honored with 200 wins and 890 nominations. We're doing exactly like we had wanted to with giving storytellers a place to tell original stories and feel really good about where we are competitively and strategic position of the product.

Samik Chatterjee - JP Morgan - Analyst

And if I can just follow-up and similarly on Apple Pay, can you just help us think about when you think about the next few years, where are the biggest opportunities either be it in terms of like, geographies or either segments, customer segments that you may not be tapping into currently and have an opportunity in? Thank you.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Well, putting aside any kind of thing that sits on our roadmap for a second in that area, which we obviously wouldn't talk about in the call, I would say that I think Apple Card has a great runway ahead of us. It was rated to the number one mid-size credit card in customer set by JD Power and has getting - has fast become people's main credit card for many, many people and the growth of Apple Pay has just been stunning. It's been absolutely stunning and there's still obviously a lot more there to go, and because there's still a lot of cash in the environment and so I think that both of these and whatever else we might do have a great future ahead.

Samik Chatterjee - JP Morgan - Analyst

Congrats on the results.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Thanks so much.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next questions, please.

Operator

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Chris Kayso with Raymond James.

Chris Kayso - Raymond James - Analyst

Yes. Thank you. Good evening. First question is just a little bit of help in interpreting the guidance and if you could speak to the March quarter perhaps in terms of seasonality and seasonal performance. And Lucas, as you mentioned last year, because of the later launch of the phone that some of that came into the March quarter and that was better than seasonal performance in March. Should we interpret because the supply constraints are easing somewhat as you go into the March quarter that we should see something similar that March quarter we should get some better than seasonal performance? Is that the correct way to interpret your guidance?

Luca Maestri - Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

We talked about it on a year over year basis, because that's probably how most people look at it. And so just to recap what we said. First of all we expect a record for the March quarter. We expect solid growth on a year-over-year basis, and - but as Tim was saying we still expect significant supply constraints, but less than what we've seen in December. So I think on that basis you can do the math around sequential, but given where we are in the environment. Given the difficult compare both on iPhone and as I mentioned on during my prepared remarks on services, we're very happy with the way - we're guiding in the way the business is going right now.

Chris Kayso - Raymond James - Analyst

Thank you. As a follow-up question is on perhaps the sustainability and repeatability of the growth in iPhone after two very good years, well received product and the 5G upgrade cycle. And I think there was a point in time when perhaps there's a view from some that iPhone was ex-growth and that's been proven wrong off of these very strong results. Maybe you could speak to your level of confidence that iPhone continues to grow in the future and kind of what are the avenues for that growth?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Hey, Chris, it's Tim. What I would say is that the iPhone has become an integral part of so many people's lives now more than ever, and the active install base of iPhone continues to grow and is now at an all time high. And during December, as we had mentioned, we had a record number of upgraders and grew switchers strong double-digit, which I think speaks to the strength of the product. And that's all in addition to some - an enormous customer satisfaction rating of 98% and are doing well throughout the geographies.

And I have mentioned some of the GEOS that we track and how many units that we have on the top selling model charts. And so - even though this is the second product announcement that has 5G in it, we're still really in the early innings of 5G. I mean, if you look at the install base and look at how many people are on 5G versus not, and we don't release those exact numbers, but you can do some math and estimate those, we maintain a very optimistic view on iPhone long-term.

Chris Kayso - Raymond James - Analyst

Got it. Thank you very much.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Yes, thank you.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next question, please.

Operator

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Ben Bowen with Cleveland Research.

Ben Bowen - Cleveland Research - Analyst

Thank you for taking the question. Tim, I'm interested in how you think about the relationship between the total iOS installed base? And then the subsequent performance you see within the services or the paid subscriptions?

And the second part to that is how do you look at the existing services business in terms of the growth you get from customers, who are already subscribers versus completely net new or green field subscribers?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

I think I'll let Luca comment on the second part of that. But if you back up and start to look at how we're doing, even though we have 785 million subs relative to the total number of products offered and the customers it's offered in, there's still a lot of room to grow there. And so I - the way that I look at it is that there's a lot more green field in front of us.

Luca Maestri - Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

And Ben on the services engagement and how we think about customers, right? Obviously, it's important for us that customers are engaged on our services platforms and the ones that we have we know that the more engaged they are, they're more likely to stay with Apple for the long-term. So we just obviously track all those metrics and they're very important for us. And that's why we continue to improve the quality of our offerings and the quantity over time. As you've seen, we've launched a lot of new services. We obviously care a lot about new customers as well and that's why we keep track of the installed base and a lot of other metrics on that front.

It's very similar to what we do with products. I mean, also for products we care a lot about upgraders, we care a lot about switchers. It's - obviously the combination of the two that when you put it together provides the level of growth that you've actually seen in our services business. I mean the last twelve months we've done over $72 billion of revenue on services. It's the size of a Fortune 50 company. It couldn't happen without contribution from both existing and new customers.

Ben Bowen - Cleveland Research - Analyst

Thank you.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thanks. Can we have the next question, please.

Operator

Thank you. We'll take our next question from Harsh Kumar with Piper Sandler.

Harsh Kumar - Piper Sandler - Analyst

Yes. Hey guys first of all congratulations on stellar quarter in December and all the records that the Apple community has set. Tim, I had a question on the content on Apple TV when we look at the Apple content that you guys put on TV, the original content, it's typically very socially responsible and healthy. For example, at Ted Lasso has this, in effect, created a constraint or a hesitancy of some sort for Apple to go and purchase studios when they come up? Or have those decisions being primarily financial or otherwise?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

We don't make purely financial decisions about the content. We try to find great content that has a reason for being and we love shows like Ted Lasso and several of the other shows, as well that have a reason for existing and may have a good message and may make people feel better at the end of it. But I don't feel that we've narrowed our universe of things we're selecting from. There's plenty to pick from out there, and I think that we're doing a pretty good job of it as we speak.

Harsh Kumar - Piper Sandler - Analyst

Fair enough. And then my follow-up was the Apple version of health care in the future. So you guys have sort of cautiously approached healthcare with iWatch and iPhone. It's mostly a preventative sort of approach. It provides you updates. But do you see a situation down the line where Apple perhaps plays a more active role, either through the watch or some other device or perhaps a doctor or hospital mandates that the Watch we want effectively for critical and vital monitoring. And I was curious, if you could just give us some color on how you guys think about healthcare, and iWatch in that confluence?

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Well, with the Apple Watch, there's literally not days that go by without me getting notes about someone that's received a health alert. Maybe it's to do with their cardiovascular health or more recently, a lot of people have told me that they fell and was knocked unconscious and couldn't respond, and the Watch responded for them to emergency contacts and emergency personnel. And there's a lot that we're doing today. My sense has always been that there's more here. I don't want to get into a roadmap discussion in the call, but we continue to, kind of, pull the string and see where it takes us. But we're really satisfied with how we're doing in this area, because we are fundamentally changing people's lives and in some cases, saving people's lives. So it's an area of great interest.

Harsh Kumar - Piper Sandler - Analyst

Very helpful, Tim. Thank you.

Tim Cook - Chief Executive Officer

Thanks for the question.

Tejas Gala - Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Finance

Thank you. A replay of today's call will be available for two weeks on Apple podcast, as a webcast on apple.com/investor, and via telephone. The numbers for the telephone replay are (888) 203-1112 or (719) 457-0820. Please enter confirmation code 3599903. These replays will be available by approximately 5 p.m. Pacific Time today. Members of the press with additional questions can contact Josh Rosenstock at (408) 862-1142. Financial analysts can contact me with additional questions at (669) 227-2402.

Thank you again for joining us.

Operator

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APPLE INC

Q1 2022

Earnings Transcript

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